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PLAYSTATION

Description

The PlayStation is a video game console of the 32-bit era, first produced by Sony Computer Entertainment in the mid 1990s. The original PlayStation was the first of the PlayStation series of console and hand-held game devices, which has included successor machines including the PSone (a smaller version of the original), PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and the forthcoming PlayStation 3.

On June 2005 the PlayStation and PSone shipped a total of 100 million units, becoming the first home console to ever reach that mark.

Technical specifications

Main CPU

A PlayStation motherboard

MIPS R3000A-compatible (R3051) 32bit RISC chip running at 33.8688 MHz

The chip is manufactured by LSI Logic Corp. with technology licensed from SGI. The chip also contains the Geometry Transformation Engine and the Data Decompression Engine.

Features:

  • Operating Performance of 30 MIPS
  • Bus Bandwidth 132 Mbit/s
  • Instruction Cache 4 kB
  • Data Cache 1 kB (non associative, just 1024 bytes of mapped fast SRAM)

Geometry Transformation Engine

This engine is inside the main CPU chip. It gives it additional (vector-)math instructions used for the 3D graphics.

Features:

  • Operating Performance of 66 MIPS
  • 360,000 Flat-Shaded Polygons per second
  • 180,000 texture mapped and light-sourced polygons per second

Sony originally gave the polygon count as:

  • 1.5 million flat-shaded polygons per second
  • 500,000 texture mapped and light-sourced polygons per second

These figures were given as a ballpark figure for performance under optimal circumstances, and so are unrealistic under normal usage.

Data Decompression Engine

This engine is also inside the main CPU. It is responsible for decompressing images and video. Documented device mode is to read three RLE-encoded 16×16 macroblocks, run IDCT and assemble a single 16×16 RGB macroblock. Output data may be transferred directly to GPU via DMA. It is possible to overwrite IDCT matrix and some additional parameters, however MDEC internal instruction set was never documented.

Features:

  • Compatible with MPEG-1 and H.261 files
  • Operating Performance of 80 MIPS
  • Directly connected to CPU Bus

Graphics Processing Unit

This chip is separate to the CPU and handles all the 2D Graphics processing, which includes the transformed 3D polygons.

Features:

  • Maximum of 16.7 Million Colours
  • Resolutions from 256×224 to 640×480
  • Adjustable frame buffer
  • Unlimited Colour Lookup Tables
  • Maximum of 4000 8×8 pixel sprites with individual scaling and rotation
  • Emulation of simultaneous backgrounds (for parallax scrolling)
  • Flat or Gouraud shading, and texture mapp

Sound Processing Unit

Features:

  • Can handle ADPCM sources with up to 24 channels and up to 44.1 kHz sampling rate
  • Could perform digital effects including:
    • Pitch Modulation
    • Envelope
    • Looping
    • Digital Reverb
  • Could handle up to 512 Mbit of sampled waveforms
  • Supports MIDI instruments
  • PC file name format: .PS

Memory

  • Main RAM: 2 Megabytes (4 Megabytes on "Blue" development console)
  • Video RAM: 1 Megabyte
  • Sound RAM: 512 Kilobytes
  • CD-Rom Buffer: 32 Kilobytes
  • Operating System ROM: 512 Kilobytes
  • PlayStation Memory Cards have 128 Kilobytes of space in an EEPR

CD-ROM

Features:

  • Originally Single Speed, later replaced with a Two Speed drive, with a maximum data throughput of 300 KB/s
  • XA Compliant
Name
Version
OS
Size
Date
1.6.0
Windows
260 Kb
8/6/2003
0.19
Windows
679 Kb
4/29/2005
1.0.5
Windows
1.10 MB
7/4/2003
1.5
Windows
166 Kb
7/14/2003
 

 

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